Writing exam items? Clarity is crucial, and parallel structure helps keep items clean, consistent, and easy to follow. Parallel structure means using the same grammatical pattern for each item in a list or series (e.g., starting all answer choices with a noun or the same type of verb) so the writing flows smoothly.
Research shows that consistent structure in answer choices reduces cognitive load and improves item fairness. Psychometric guidelines also emphasize that well-constructed items should isolate the intended skill or knowledge, avoiding unnecessary complexity, which is something parallel structure directly supports. It helps exam takers focus on content rather than form.
Let's explore this with some examples. There's no real exam content here, just some profession-related humor.
Example 1: Scanning Room Etiquette
Not Parallel:
What is considered good etiquette in the scanning room?
A. Always wearing lead aprons
B. Eat lunch near the console
C. The patients should be greeted with a high five
D. A clean room
Parallel Version:
What is considered good etiquette in the scanning room?
A. Wear lead aprons at all times
B. Eat lunch near the console
C. Greet the patients with a high five
D. Keep the room clean
Why it works: All choices now start with an imperative verb (also known as "command words"), making them easier to read and compare.
Example 2: Signs You Might Be an R.T.
Not Parallel:
Which three of the following indicate you're a radiologic technologist? (select three)
A. You know what "collimate" means
B. Glowing in the dark
C. The skeleton is the only emoji you use
D. You've memorized the inverse square law
E. You got married wearing scrubs
F. You say "hold still" more than "hello"
G. Wearing your dosimeter to track your steps
Parallel Version
Which three of the following indicate you're a radiologic technologist? (select three)
A. Knowing what "collimate" means
B. Glowing in the dark
C. Using only the skeleton emoji
D. Memorizing the inverse square law
E. Wearing scrubs to your wedding
F. Saying "hold still" more than "hello"
G. Wearing your dosimeter to track your steps
Why it works: Each option now starts with a verb in gerund form ("-ing" form), keeping the structure consistent.
Bonus Tip: Parallel Structure Isn't Just for Item Writing!
You can use this same technique to improve:
- Your resume (e.g., "positioned patients, calibrated equipment, documented procedures")
- Work instructions at your facility
- Emails and presentations
Bottom line: Parallel structure keeps your writing smooth, professional, and easy to follow, whether you're crafting exam items or trying to avoid scatter in your resume.
